Intermediate200 min
Concession

We use adverbials to admit that an opposing point of view has merit or is true.
Although utopias are idyllic, dystopian worlds provide more
interesting stories.
Dystopian stories can be quite depressing, but at the same time the
endings often give us hope.
These adverbials often form concession clauses, i.e. with although, while
and even though.
While dystopian fiction is popular amongst all age groups, it’s particularly popular amongst young adults.
Even though the world can be quite depressing at times, there is a lot
to enjoy.
Concession clauses can come at the start or end of a sentence, but they usually come at the start of the sentence, as we want to admit that an opposing point of view is true, but then quickly move onto expressing a counterargument which expresses our true beliefs. Alternatively, the concession may refer to something another speaker said, so we refer to it first and then give our own view. Compare the impact of putting the
concessive clause at the start and the end:
Although books encourage us to use our own imaginations, films are more visual and less time-consuming.
Films are more visual and less time-consuming, although books encourage us to use our own imaginations.
We can use however, at the same time and that said to show a
contrasting point of view, but these phrases come before our own belief
or our counterargument, and not the opposing point of view we are
admitting is valid or true. Note that these start a new sentence.
Tales of struggle can be uplift ing. However, utopias give us something
to aspire to.
New stories are published every day. At the same time, they’re all versions of stories from history.
E-books are convenient. That said, there’s nothing better than a paper book.
We can use the adverbial phrase admittedly … but to introduce an
opposing viewpoint.
Admittedly, there have been some excellent sci-fi stories, but I prefer
romance.
Admittedly, what you said is true, but I don’t believe it’s always the case.
We also use though to provide an alternative viewpoint. In spoken or
informal written communication, we often add it to the end of our point.
Though the ending was disappointing, I enjoyed the show.
The story was good, though the acting was pretty terrible.
The book was brilliant. The fi lm was rubbish, though.
We can use the structure adjective + though/as to make a concession,
e.g. True though that is, True though that may be, Interesting as that
seems, Clever though he may be, Horrible as that is, Brilliant as she may seem.
True though that is, I would argue that it’s diff erent for everyone.
True though that may be, it’s not the most interesting story.
Clever though he is, he’s not always 100 percent correct about everything.
Interesting as that is, it doesn’t support your argument.
Although utopias are idyllic, dystopian worlds provide more
interesting stories.
Dystopian stories can be quite depressing, but at the same time the
endings often give us hope.
These adverbials often form concession clauses, i.e. with although, while
and even though.
While dystopian fiction is popular amongst all age groups, it’s particularly popular amongst young adults.
Even though the world can be quite depressing at times, there is a lot
to enjoy.
Concession clauses can come at the start or end of a sentence, but they usually come at the start of the sentence, as we want to admit that an opposing point of view is true, but then quickly move onto expressing a counterargument which expresses our true beliefs. Alternatively, the concession may refer to something another speaker said, so we refer to it first and then give our own view. Compare the impact of putting the
concessive clause at the start and the end:
Although books encourage us to use our own imaginations, films are more visual and less time-consuming.
Films are more visual and less time-consuming, although books encourage us to use our own imaginations.
We can use however, at the same time and that said to show a
contrasting point of view, but these phrases come before our own belief
or our counterargument, and not the opposing point of view we are
admitting is valid or true. Note that these start a new sentence.
Tales of struggle can be uplift ing. However, utopias give us something
to aspire to.
New stories are published every day. At the same time, they’re all versions of stories from history.
E-books are convenient. That said, there’s nothing better than a paper book.
We can use the adverbial phrase admittedly … but to introduce an
opposing viewpoint.
Admittedly, there have been some excellent sci-fi stories, but I prefer
romance.
Admittedly, what you said is true, but I don’t believe it’s always the case.
We also use though to provide an alternative viewpoint. In spoken or
informal written communication, we often add it to the end of our point.
Though the ending was disappointing, I enjoyed the show.
The story was good, though the acting was pretty terrible.
The book was brilliant. The fi lm was rubbish, though.
We can use the structure adjective + though/as to make a concession,
e.g. True though that is, True though that may be, Interesting as that
seems, Clever though he may be, Horrible as that is, Brilliant as she may seem.
True though that is, I would argue that it’s diff erent for everyone.
True though that may be, it’s not the most interesting story.
Clever though he is, he’s not always 100 percent correct about everything.
Interesting as that is, it doesn’t support your argument.
Quiz
Question 1 of 10
Choose the correct adverbial to show concession: "___, I agree with your point, I think we should consider other options."
Although
However
Moreover
Therefore
The World of Marketing and Advertising: Science, Psychology, and the Future
The marketing and advertising industry has evolved from simple product promotion into a sophisticated battlefield where brands fight tooth and nail for consumers' attention, wallets, and minds. In this digital age, where people are bombarded with over 10,000 brand messages daily, marketers have had to pull out all the stops to cut through the noise and make their mark. The landscape has become a high-stakes game of cat and mouse, with brands constantly trying to stay one step ahead of increasingly savvy consumers who have learned to tune out traditional advertising tactics.
The numbers paint a striking picture of this industry's massive reach and influence. Global advertising spend hit close to $1.1 trillion in 2024, representing roughly 1% of global GDP, while the neuromarketing sector alone is projected to grow from $1.71 billion in 2025 to $2.62 billion by 2030. These figures demonstrate that businesses are willing to break the bank to understand and influence consumer behavior, recognizing that effective marketing can make or break their bottom line in today's competitive marketplace.
Recent scientific breakthroughs have turned marketing from an art into a science, with researchers now able to peer into consumers' minds and predict behavior with unprecedented accuracy. Neuromarketing techniques can predict consumer behavior with 80% accuracy compared to just 60% for traditional methods, giving companies a significant edge in understanding what makes customers tick. This shift has opened up a whole new can of worms regarding ethics and consumer manipulation, as brands now have the tools to push psychological buttons that consumers aren't even aware exist.
The digital revolution has completely turned the marketing world upside down, forcing traditional advertisers to rethink their approach from the ground up. Digital advertising now accounts for over 70% of total ad spend, a dramatic shift that has left many old-school marketers scrambling to catch up. Social media platforms have become the new battleground, with 86% of marketers reporting that personalized customer experiences significantly impact their company's sales. The rise of platforms like TikTok, projected to generate $33.1 billion in advertising revenue in 2025, has forced brands to master the art of short-form video content or risk being left in the dust.
Artificial Intelligence has emerged as the game-changer that's reshaping every aspect of marketing strategy. AI tools are now being leveraged by 60% of marketers for everything from creative ideation to data-driven decision-making and workflow automation. However, this technological leap isn't without its growing pains, as many marketers are still learning the ropes when it comes to integrating AI into their workflows effectively. The challenge is finding the sweet spot between automated efficiency and human creativity, ensuring that brands don't lose their authentic voice in the pursuit of technological advancement.
The psychology behind consumer decision-making has become the holy grail of modern marketing research. Scientists have discovered that the majority of purchasing decisions are made or influenced by unconscious processes, which has led to the development of sophisticated neuromarketing tools that measure everything from brain activity to eye movements and facial expressions. Companies like Coca-Cola, Starbucks, and Hyundai are now using biometric data to fine-tune their advertising campaigns, ensuring they hit consumers where it hurts most – their emotional triggers.
The rise of influencer marketing has completely changed the rules of the game, with brands realizing that consumers are more likely to trust recommendations from people they follow online than traditional celebrity endorsements. This shift has created an entire ecosystem of content creators who have learned to walk the tightrope between authentic storytelling and commercial promotion. The challenge for brands is finding influencers who can seamlessly weave product placements into their content without coming across as sell-outs to their audiences.
Personalization has become the name of the game in modern marketing, with 94% of marketers reporting that offering personalized customer experiences impacts their company's sales. However, this push for customization has created a catch-22 situation where brands need detailed consumer data to deliver personalized experiences, but many consumers are becoming increasingly wary of how their personal information is being collected and used. The challenge is striking a balance between relevance and privacy, ensuring that personalization enhances rather than creeps out the customer experience.
The attention economy has become increasingly cutthroat, with marketers finding it harder than ever to capture and hold consumers' focus. Research shows that only 31% of people globally claim that ads on social media platforms capture their attention, a significant decrease from 43% the previous year. This attention deficit has forced brands to raise the bar on creativity and relevance, pushing them to develop more engaging and interactive content that can break through the clutter of competing messages.
Retail Media Networks have emerged as a powerful new player in the advertising ecosystem, allowing brands to reach highly targeted audiences through personalized ads on retailer websites and apps. These platforms are projected to account for almost one-quarter of all US media ad spend by 2028, representing a fundamental shift in how brands approach customer acquisition. The first-party data that these networks provide gives advertisers unprecedented insights into consumer behavior, allowing them to optimize their campaigns with surgical precision.
The streaming wars have created both opportunities and headaches for advertisers trying to reach cord-cutting audiences. While 50% of people say most of their TV watching is streaming, the fragmented landscape has made it increasingly difficult for marketers to achieve the broad reach that traditional broadcast television once provided. This has led to a more nuanced approach where successful campaigns require a careful balancing act across multiple platforms and formats.
Consumer trust has become a precious commodity in an era where people are increasingly skeptical of corporate motives and advertising claims. Recent studies show that 43% of consumers don't trust AI-generated ads, while 82% prefer to buy from brands that share their values. This has forced companies to be more transparent about their practices and more authentic in their messaging, moving away from hard-sell tactics toward value-driven content that resonates with consumers' beliefs and aspirations.
The measurement and attribution challenge has become one of the biggest headaches for modern marketers trying to prove their worth to skeptical executives. With consumers switching between devices and platforms throughout their purchase journey, tracking the true impact of marketing campaigns has become like trying to solve a puzzle with constantly moving pieces. This has led to increased investment in sophisticated analytics tools and attribution models that can provide a clearer picture of which touchpoints actually drive conversions.
Privacy regulations and the death of third-party cookies have forced the industry to completely rethink its approach to targeting and measurement. Marketers are now scrambling to develop first-party data strategies and explore alternative targeting methods that don't rely on invasive tracking technologies. This shift has leveled the playing field somewhat, forcing brands to focus more on creating compelling content and experiences rather than relying solely on sophisticated targeting algorithms.
The future of marketing and advertising promises to be even more dynamic and complex, with emerging technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, and the metaverse opening up entirely new frontiers for brand engagement. Video game product placement is becoming more refined and accepted, with major titles like "Intergalactic: The Heretic Prophet" featuring prominent brand integrations from companies like Porsche and Adidas. These developments suggest that the line between entertainment and advertising will continue to blur, creating new opportunities for brands willing to think outside the box.
As we look toward the future, the marketing industry finds itself at a crossroads where technological capability and ethical responsibility must find common ground. The power to influence consumer behavior has never been greater, but with great power comes great responsibility. Brands that can successfully navigate this landscape – leveraging cutting-edge technology while maintaining consumer trust and delivering genuine value – will be the ones that thrive in this brave new world of marketing and advertising. The rest will find themselves fighting an uphill battle against increasingly sophisticated consumers who have learned to see through the smoke and mirrors of traditional advertising tactics.
The numbers paint a striking picture of this industry's massive reach and influence. Global advertising spend hit close to $1.1 trillion in 2024, representing roughly 1% of global GDP, while the neuromarketing sector alone is projected to grow from $1.71 billion in 2025 to $2.62 billion by 2030. These figures demonstrate that businesses are willing to break the bank to understand and influence consumer behavior, recognizing that effective marketing can make or break their bottom line in today's competitive marketplace.
Recent scientific breakthroughs have turned marketing from an art into a science, with researchers now able to peer into consumers' minds and predict behavior with unprecedented accuracy. Neuromarketing techniques can predict consumer behavior with 80% accuracy compared to just 60% for traditional methods, giving companies a significant edge in understanding what makes customers tick. This shift has opened up a whole new can of worms regarding ethics and consumer manipulation, as brands now have the tools to push psychological buttons that consumers aren't even aware exist.
The digital revolution has completely turned the marketing world upside down, forcing traditional advertisers to rethink their approach from the ground up. Digital advertising now accounts for over 70% of total ad spend, a dramatic shift that has left many old-school marketers scrambling to catch up. Social media platforms have become the new battleground, with 86% of marketers reporting that personalized customer experiences significantly impact their company's sales. The rise of platforms like TikTok, projected to generate $33.1 billion in advertising revenue in 2025, has forced brands to master the art of short-form video content or risk being left in the dust.
Artificial Intelligence has emerged as the game-changer that's reshaping every aspect of marketing strategy. AI tools are now being leveraged by 60% of marketers for everything from creative ideation to data-driven decision-making and workflow automation. However, this technological leap isn't without its growing pains, as many marketers are still learning the ropes when it comes to integrating AI into their workflows effectively. The challenge is finding the sweet spot between automated efficiency and human creativity, ensuring that brands don't lose their authentic voice in the pursuit of technological advancement.
The psychology behind consumer decision-making has become the holy grail of modern marketing research. Scientists have discovered that the majority of purchasing decisions are made or influenced by unconscious processes, which has led to the development of sophisticated neuromarketing tools that measure everything from brain activity to eye movements and facial expressions. Companies like Coca-Cola, Starbucks, and Hyundai are now using biometric data to fine-tune their advertising campaigns, ensuring they hit consumers where it hurts most – their emotional triggers.
The rise of influencer marketing has completely changed the rules of the game, with brands realizing that consumers are more likely to trust recommendations from people they follow online than traditional celebrity endorsements. This shift has created an entire ecosystem of content creators who have learned to walk the tightrope between authentic storytelling and commercial promotion. The challenge for brands is finding influencers who can seamlessly weave product placements into their content without coming across as sell-outs to their audiences.
Personalization has become the name of the game in modern marketing, with 94% of marketers reporting that offering personalized customer experiences impacts their company's sales. However, this push for customization has created a catch-22 situation where brands need detailed consumer data to deliver personalized experiences, but many consumers are becoming increasingly wary of how their personal information is being collected and used. The challenge is striking a balance between relevance and privacy, ensuring that personalization enhances rather than creeps out the customer experience.
The attention economy has become increasingly cutthroat, with marketers finding it harder than ever to capture and hold consumers' focus. Research shows that only 31% of people globally claim that ads on social media platforms capture their attention, a significant decrease from 43% the previous year. This attention deficit has forced brands to raise the bar on creativity and relevance, pushing them to develop more engaging and interactive content that can break through the clutter of competing messages.
Retail Media Networks have emerged as a powerful new player in the advertising ecosystem, allowing brands to reach highly targeted audiences through personalized ads on retailer websites and apps. These platforms are projected to account for almost one-quarter of all US media ad spend by 2028, representing a fundamental shift in how brands approach customer acquisition. The first-party data that these networks provide gives advertisers unprecedented insights into consumer behavior, allowing them to optimize their campaigns with surgical precision.
The streaming wars have created both opportunities and headaches for advertisers trying to reach cord-cutting audiences. While 50% of people say most of their TV watching is streaming, the fragmented landscape has made it increasingly difficult for marketers to achieve the broad reach that traditional broadcast television once provided. This has led to a more nuanced approach where successful campaigns require a careful balancing act across multiple platforms and formats.
Consumer trust has become a precious commodity in an era where people are increasingly skeptical of corporate motives and advertising claims. Recent studies show that 43% of consumers don't trust AI-generated ads, while 82% prefer to buy from brands that share their values. This has forced companies to be more transparent about their practices and more authentic in their messaging, moving away from hard-sell tactics toward value-driven content that resonates with consumers' beliefs and aspirations.
The measurement and attribution challenge has become one of the biggest headaches for modern marketers trying to prove their worth to skeptical executives. With consumers switching between devices and platforms throughout their purchase journey, tracking the true impact of marketing campaigns has become like trying to solve a puzzle with constantly moving pieces. This has led to increased investment in sophisticated analytics tools and attribution models that can provide a clearer picture of which touchpoints actually drive conversions.
Privacy regulations and the death of third-party cookies have forced the industry to completely rethink its approach to targeting and measurement. Marketers are now scrambling to develop first-party data strategies and explore alternative targeting methods that don't rely on invasive tracking technologies. This shift has leveled the playing field somewhat, forcing brands to focus more on creating compelling content and experiences rather than relying solely on sophisticated targeting algorithms.
The future of marketing and advertising promises to be even more dynamic and complex, with emerging technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, and the metaverse opening up entirely new frontiers for brand engagement. Video game product placement is becoming more refined and accepted, with major titles like "Intergalactic: The Heretic Prophet" featuring prominent brand integrations from companies like Porsche and Adidas. These developments suggest that the line between entertainment and advertising will continue to blur, creating new opportunities for brands willing to think outside the box.
As we look toward the future, the marketing industry finds itself at a crossroads where technological capability and ethical responsibility must find common ground. The power to influence consumer behavior has never been greater, but with great power comes great responsibility. Brands that can successfully navigate this landscape – leveraging cutting-edge technology while maintaining consumer trust and delivering genuine value – will be the ones that thrive in this brave new world of marketing and advertising. The rest will find themselves fighting an uphill battle against increasingly sophisticated consumers who have learned to see through the smoke and mirrors of traditional advertising tactics.
1. **sophisticated** /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (both US/UK)
complex and advanced; having great knowledge or experience
2. **battlefield** /ˈbætlfiːld/ (both US/UK)
a place where a battle is fought; an area of intense competition
3. **fight tooth and nail**
to try very hard to get or keep something
4. **bombarded** /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪd/ (US) /bɒmˈbɑːdɪd/ (UK)
attacked continuously with something
5. **pull out all the stops**
to do everything possible to achieve something
6. **cut through the noise**
to be noticed despite all the competing messages
7. **make their mark**
to become successful or famous
8. **high-stakes** /ˌhaɪ ˈsteɪks/ (both US/UK)
involving the possibility of serious consequences
9. **cat and mouse**
a situation where one person tries to defeat another in a series of moves
10. **stay one step ahead**
to maintain an advantage over competitors
11. **savvy** /ˈsævi/ (both US/UK)
having practical knowledge and ability
12. **tune out**
to stop paying attention to something
13. **striking** /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
very noticeable or impressive
14. **break the bank**
to spend all or too much money
15. **make or break**
to cause either total success or total failure
16. **bottom line**
the most important result or factor
17. **competitive** /kəmˈpetətɪv/ (both US/UK)
involving competition between people or organizations
18. **marketplace** /ˈmɑːrkɪtpleɪs/ (US) /ˈmɑːkɪtpleɪs/ (UK)
the commercial world of buying and selling
19. **breakthrough** /ˈbreɪkθruː/ (both US/UK)
an important discovery or development
20. **peer into**
to look carefully at something
21. **unprecedented** /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ (US) /ʌnˈpresɪdəntɪd/ (UK)
never having happened before
22. **give someone an edge**
to provide an advantage
23. **what makes someone tick**
what motivates or interests someone
24. **opened up a can of worms**
created a complicated situation with many problems
25. **push psychological buttons**
to deliberately trigger emotional responses
26. **turned upside down**
completely changed or disrupted
27. **from the ground up**
completely from the beginning
28. **scrambling** /ˈskræmblɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
moving or acting quickly and urgently
29. **catch up**
to reach the same level as others
30. **battleground** /ˈbætlɡraʊnd/ (both US/UK)
an area where competing forces meet
31. **left in the dust**
left far behind by competitors
32. **game-changer**
something that significantly alters a situation
33. **leveraged** /ˈliːvərɪdʒd/ (US) /ˈlevərɪdʒd/ (UK)
used something to maximum advantage
34. **growing pains**
problems experienced during development
35. **learning the ropes**
learning how to do something
36. **sweet spot**
the perfect balance or ideal condition
37. **authentic** /ɔːˈθentɪk/ (both US/UK)
genuine and real
38. **holy grail**
something that is eagerly sought after
39. **hit someone where it hurts**
to attack someone's weak point
40. **emotional triggers**
things that cause strong emotional reactions
41. **fine-tune** /ˌfaɪn ˈtuːn/ (both US/UK)
to make small adjustments to improve something
42. **changed the rules of the game**
altered the way something is done
43. **ecosystem** /ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/ (US) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (UK)
a complex network of interconnected elements
44. **walk the tightrope**
to maintain a difficult balance
45. **seamlessly** /ˈsiːmləsli/ (both US/UK)
smoothly and without obvious joins
46. **weave into**
to include skillfully as part of something
47. **sell-outs**
people who compromise their principles for money
48. **the name of the game**
the most important aspect of a situation
49. **catch-22**
a difficult situation with no good solution
50. **wary** /ˈweri/ (US) /ˈweəri/ (UK)
cautious because of possible danger
51. **strike a balance**
to find a compromise between different things
52. **creeps out**
makes someone feel uncomfortable or afraid
53. **cutthroat** /ˈkʌtθroʊt/ (US) /ˈkʌtθrəʊt/ (UK)
very competitive and ruthless
54. **attention deficit**
lack of ability to concentrate
55. **raise the bar**
to set higher standards
56. **break through the clutter**
to be noticed among many competing messages
57. **surgical precision**
extremely accurate and careful
58. **cord-cutting** /ˈkɔːrd kʌtɪŋ/ (US) /ˈkɔːd kʌtɪŋ/ (UK)
canceling cable TV subscriptions
59. **fragmented** /ˈfræɡməntɪd/ (both US/UK)
broken into separate parts
60. **balancing act**
a situation requiring careful management of different elements
61. **precious commodity**
something valuable and scarce
62. **skeptical** /ˈskeptɪkl/ (both US/UK)
doubtful about something
63. **corporate** /ˈkɔːrpərət/ (US) /ˈkɔːpərət/ (UK)
relating to large business companies
64. **hard-sell tactics**
aggressive sales methods
65. **aspirations** /ˌæspəˈreɪʃənz/ (both US/UK)
hopes and ambitions
66. **attribution** /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃən/ (both US/UK)
the process of identifying which factors caused a result
67. **headaches** /ˈhedeɪks/ (both US/UK)
problems that cause worry
68. **prove their worth**
to demonstrate their value
69. **constantly moving pieces**
elements that keep changing
70. **sophisticated** /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (both US/UK)
complex and advanced
71. **touchpoints** /ˈtʌtʃpɔɪnts/ (both US/UK)
points of contact between a business and customers
72. **conversions** /kənˈvɜːrʒənz/ (US) /kənˈvɜːʃənz/ (UK)
the process of turning prospects into customers
73. **scrambling** /ˈskræmblɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
hurrying to do something
74. **invasive** /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ (both US/UK)
intrusive and unwelcome
75. **leveled the playing field**
made the situation fair for everyone
76. **compelling** /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
very interesting and convincing
77. **algorithms** /ˈælɡərɪðəmz/ (both US/UK)
sets of rules used by computers to solve problems
78. **dynamic** /daɪˈnæmɪk/ (both US/UK)
constantly changing and full of energy
79. **frontiers** /frʌnˈtɪrz/ (US) /ˈfrʌntɪəz/ (UK)
the outer limits of knowledge or achievement
80. **engagement** /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ (both US/UK)
the process of being involved with something
81. **refined** /rɪˈfaɪnd/ (both US/UK)
improved and made more sophisticated
82. **integrations** /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃənz/ (both US/UK)
the process of combining things
83. **blur the line**
to make the distinction between things unclear
84. **think outside the box**
to think creatively and unconventionally
85. **crossroads** /ˈkrɔːsroʊdz/ (US) /ˈkrɒsrəʊdz/ (UK)
a point where important decisions must be made
86. **capability** /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ (both US/UK)
the ability to do something
87. **ethical** /ˈeθɪkl/ (both US/UK)
morally correct
88. **responsibility** /rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/ (US) /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ (UK)
the duty to deal with something
89. **common ground**
shared beliefs or interests
90. **navigate** /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ (both US/UK)
to find a way through something difficult
91. **leverage** /ˈliːvərɪdʒ/ (US) /ˈlevərɪdʒ/ (UK)
to use something to maximum advantage
92. **cutting-edge** /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ (both US/UK)
very modern and advanced
93. **maintaining** /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
continuing to have something
94. **genuine** /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ (both US/UK)
real and authentic
95. **thrive** /θraɪv/ (both US/UK)
to grow and be successful
96. **uphill battle**
a difficult struggle
97. **sophisticated** /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (both US/UK)
having great knowledge and experience
98. **smoke and mirrors**
something designed to deceive or confuse
99. **tactics** /ˈtæktɪks/ (both US/UK)
methods used to achieve something
complex and advanced; having great knowledge or experience
2. **battlefield** /ˈbætlfiːld/ (both US/UK)
a place where a battle is fought; an area of intense competition
3. **fight tooth and nail**
to try very hard to get or keep something
4. **bombarded** /bɑːmˈbɑːrdɪd/ (US) /bɒmˈbɑːdɪd/ (UK)
attacked continuously with something
5. **pull out all the stops**
to do everything possible to achieve something
6. **cut through the noise**
to be noticed despite all the competing messages
7. **make their mark**
to become successful or famous
8. **high-stakes** /ˌhaɪ ˈsteɪks/ (both US/UK)
involving the possibility of serious consequences
9. **cat and mouse**
a situation where one person tries to defeat another in a series of moves
10. **stay one step ahead**
to maintain an advantage over competitors
11. **savvy** /ˈsævi/ (both US/UK)
having practical knowledge and ability
12. **tune out**
to stop paying attention to something
13. **striking** /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
very noticeable or impressive
14. **break the bank**
to spend all or too much money
15. **make or break**
to cause either total success or total failure
16. **bottom line**
the most important result or factor
17. **competitive** /kəmˈpetətɪv/ (both US/UK)
involving competition between people or organizations
18. **marketplace** /ˈmɑːrkɪtpleɪs/ (US) /ˈmɑːkɪtpleɪs/ (UK)
the commercial world of buying and selling
19. **breakthrough** /ˈbreɪkθruː/ (both US/UK)
an important discovery or development
20. **peer into**
to look carefully at something
21. **unprecedented** /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ (US) /ʌnˈpresɪdəntɪd/ (UK)
never having happened before
22. **give someone an edge**
to provide an advantage
23. **what makes someone tick**
what motivates or interests someone
24. **opened up a can of worms**
created a complicated situation with many problems
25. **push psychological buttons**
to deliberately trigger emotional responses
26. **turned upside down**
completely changed or disrupted
27. **from the ground up**
completely from the beginning
28. **scrambling** /ˈskræmblɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
moving or acting quickly and urgently
29. **catch up**
to reach the same level as others
30. **battleground** /ˈbætlɡraʊnd/ (both US/UK)
an area where competing forces meet
31. **left in the dust**
left far behind by competitors
32. **game-changer**
something that significantly alters a situation
33. **leveraged** /ˈliːvərɪdʒd/ (US) /ˈlevərɪdʒd/ (UK)
used something to maximum advantage
34. **growing pains**
problems experienced during development
35. **learning the ropes**
learning how to do something
36. **sweet spot**
the perfect balance or ideal condition
37. **authentic** /ɔːˈθentɪk/ (both US/UK)
genuine and real
38. **holy grail**
something that is eagerly sought after
39. **hit someone where it hurts**
to attack someone's weak point
40. **emotional triggers**
things that cause strong emotional reactions
41. **fine-tune** /ˌfaɪn ˈtuːn/ (both US/UK)
to make small adjustments to improve something
42. **changed the rules of the game**
altered the way something is done
43. **ecosystem** /ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/ (US) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (UK)
a complex network of interconnected elements
44. **walk the tightrope**
to maintain a difficult balance
45. **seamlessly** /ˈsiːmləsli/ (both US/UK)
smoothly and without obvious joins
46. **weave into**
to include skillfully as part of something
47. **sell-outs**
people who compromise their principles for money
48. **the name of the game**
the most important aspect of a situation
49. **catch-22**
a difficult situation with no good solution
50. **wary** /ˈweri/ (US) /ˈweəri/ (UK)
cautious because of possible danger
51. **strike a balance**
to find a compromise between different things
52. **creeps out**
makes someone feel uncomfortable or afraid
53. **cutthroat** /ˈkʌtθroʊt/ (US) /ˈkʌtθrəʊt/ (UK)
very competitive and ruthless
54. **attention deficit**
lack of ability to concentrate
55. **raise the bar**
to set higher standards
56. **break through the clutter**
to be noticed among many competing messages
57. **surgical precision**
extremely accurate and careful
58. **cord-cutting** /ˈkɔːrd kʌtɪŋ/ (US) /ˈkɔːd kʌtɪŋ/ (UK)
canceling cable TV subscriptions
59. **fragmented** /ˈfræɡməntɪd/ (both US/UK)
broken into separate parts
60. **balancing act**
a situation requiring careful management of different elements
61. **precious commodity**
something valuable and scarce
62. **skeptical** /ˈskeptɪkl/ (both US/UK)
doubtful about something
63. **corporate** /ˈkɔːrpərət/ (US) /ˈkɔːpərət/ (UK)
relating to large business companies
64. **hard-sell tactics**
aggressive sales methods
65. **aspirations** /ˌæspəˈreɪʃənz/ (both US/UK)
hopes and ambitions
66. **attribution** /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃən/ (both US/UK)
the process of identifying which factors caused a result
67. **headaches** /ˈhedeɪks/ (both US/UK)
problems that cause worry
68. **prove their worth**
to demonstrate their value
69. **constantly moving pieces**
elements that keep changing
70. **sophisticated** /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (both US/UK)
complex and advanced
71. **touchpoints** /ˈtʌtʃpɔɪnts/ (both US/UK)
points of contact between a business and customers
72. **conversions** /kənˈvɜːrʒənz/ (US) /kənˈvɜːʃənz/ (UK)
the process of turning prospects into customers
73. **scrambling** /ˈskræmblɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
hurrying to do something
74. **invasive** /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ (both US/UK)
intrusive and unwelcome
75. **leveled the playing field**
made the situation fair for everyone
76. **compelling** /kəmˈpelɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
very interesting and convincing
77. **algorithms** /ˈælɡərɪðəmz/ (both US/UK)
sets of rules used by computers to solve problems
78. **dynamic** /daɪˈnæmɪk/ (both US/UK)
constantly changing and full of energy
79. **frontiers** /frʌnˈtɪrz/ (US) /ˈfrʌntɪəz/ (UK)
the outer limits of knowledge or achievement
80. **engagement** /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ (both US/UK)
the process of being involved with something
81. **refined** /rɪˈfaɪnd/ (both US/UK)
improved and made more sophisticated
82. **integrations** /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃənz/ (both US/UK)
the process of combining things
83. **blur the line**
to make the distinction between things unclear
84. **think outside the box**
to think creatively and unconventionally
85. **crossroads** /ˈkrɔːsroʊdz/ (US) /ˈkrɒsrəʊdz/ (UK)
a point where important decisions must be made
86. **capability** /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ (both US/UK)
the ability to do something
87. **ethical** /ˈeθɪkl/ (both US/UK)
morally correct
88. **responsibility** /rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/ (US) /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ (UK)
the duty to deal with something
89. **common ground**
shared beliefs or interests
90. **navigate** /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ (both US/UK)
to find a way through something difficult
91. **leverage** /ˈliːvərɪdʒ/ (US) /ˈlevərɪdʒ/ (UK)
to use something to maximum advantage
92. **cutting-edge** /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ (both US/UK)
very modern and advanced
93. **maintaining** /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/ (both US/UK)
continuing to have something
94. **genuine** /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ (both US/UK)
real and authentic
95. **thrive** /θraɪv/ (both US/UK)
to grow and be successful
96. **uphill battle**
a difficult struggle
97. **sophisticated** /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (both US/UK)
having great knowledge and experience
98. **smoke and mirrors**
something designed to deceive or confuse
99. **tactics** /ˈtæktɪks/ (both US/UK)
methods used to achieve something
Pausing when conceding a point
When conceding a point in conversation or writing, it is important to pause to show respect for the other person's opinion and to clearly indicate that you are acknowledging their argument. This pause can be a brief silence in spoken English or a comma, semicolon, or even a new sentence in written English.
For example:
- Spoken: "I understand your concerns... however, I still believe this is the best approach."
- Written: "You make a valid argument; nevertheless, there are other factors to consider."
Pausing allows your listener or reader to process the concession before you continue with your own point. This makes your communication more balanced and respectful.
For example:
- Spoken: "I understand your concerns... however, I still believe this is the best approach."
- Written: "You make a valid argument; nevertheless, there are other factors to consider."
Pausing allows your listener or reader to process the concession before you continue with your own point. This makes your communication more balanced and respectful.